Child Development Article Review Essay Example for Free

Child Development Article Review EssayThis article is about studying childrens rest patterns to see if forty winks disorders may be a direct correlation to behavior problems within children. Could sleep issues be the cause for such issues like minimal brain damage and other behavior related illnesses including psychiatric disorders? According to John Bates, Richard Viken, Douglas Alexander, Jennifer Beyers, and Lesley Stockton, there are umpteen behavior related disorders that could be related to how much sleep a child receives, along with the age and tone of sleep. Many parents who have children with behavior related issues are realizing that the quality of sleep may be nowadays related. There may be many factors that washbasin be discussed and taken into consideration, including environmental factors, developmental factors, income of families, and genetic inheritance as salubrious.There are many types of sleep disturbances that lack to be looked at since many young ch ildren experience different forms of sleep disturbances such as, night waking, sleep walking, resistance to bed magazine routine, delay, and trouble falling asleep. Survey showed that 42% of 12 -35 month olds had problematic bedtime resistance, and 35% of all others have night waking issues. (Bates, E. Bates et all p.62) Sleeping disorders in the young child can have a negative impact on the brain, inadequate amounts of sleep can cause a child not to perform up to their potential, resulting with stress.Stress causes a number of issues within the child, such as overworking brain functions, misfiring of neurons, and stress hormones being over produced. Then the effectuate of daily day to day functions are disrupted within the child causing poor concentration and incapabilitys in daily routines.lead main issues to think about when understanding child sleep disorders is that 1. Insomnia in the young child may forecast psychological disorders. 2. Sleep is not well understood in the youn g child but can be thought of as social and biological. 3. Relations to environment, genetic inheritance, developmental factors all need to be considered. 4. Sleep issues in the young child can have a negative impact on social, emotional, cognitive and physical development. 5. Age and quality amounts of sleep are factors that need to be considered when studying sleep disturbances in young children.This article touches on many different aspects on how sleep issues can develop into very serious conditions in children. Good healthy sleep patterns are key to a healthy child and if the child is experience irregularities in sleep then the parents or care giver should look into what maybe causing the disturbances. If that child experiences this continuously then that caregiver should really look more than into the underlying issues with a medical professional. Sleep disturbances can be related to a multitude of developmental problems.Parents, teachers and caregivers should be aware of sig ns and symptoms of lack of sleep and guess to monitor or regulate good sleep habits. Good sleep habits in a child can be so positive and so beneficial. Its important for parents and caregivers to know they are not alone when trying to combat sleep issues in the young child, many children go through stages of dotty sleep disturbances.

Eating Meat Essay Example for Free

Eating Meat EssayPremise 1 Meat eat in humans is a inbred phenomenon that has been practiced since prehistoric times, as evidenced by human dental structure and or so scientific studies.Premise 2 Not eating warmness can lead to various health problems unless there is a thorough understanding of the nutritional needs of the human body and the person ensures measures are interpreted to maintain good health. This is not feasible in undeveloped countries, tribal cultures or other societies that do not yet have the advantage of mod science and technology that aids in understanding the various needs of the human body. Conclusion Yes, it is estimable to eat meat.___The question of whether eating meat is ethical or not implies an assumption of a universal standard of ethics, so whether eating meat is ethical or not needs to be communicate from different viewpoints.The ethics of meat eating is highly subjectiveit depends on many factors, such as culture and religion. From a (genera l) religious standpoint, meat eating is not unethical. Most religions do not absolutely forbid eating meat.Also, there has been evidence for the naturalness of meat eating. As evidenced by some scientific studies (such as a quick internet search (http//tinyurl.com/a6mdk) will bring up), meat eating has been practiced by humans since prehistory. In fact, the acculturation of animal protein is the easiest way of preventing some health problems (this is not to say that meat should be a major part of human food). The concept of a vegan diet is relatively modern and is usually only feasible in a setting where the people have, through the advantage of modern science, gained sufficient knowledge intimately human nutrition.So, the question should not actually be one of ethics, but of health, in which case, the answer is yesmeat is okay (as long as it is only a part of a balanced diet).

The Roles Media Plays In Contemporary Society

The Roles Media Plays In Contemporary SocietyMedia converse is full of contradictions, only sensation cannot deny the important part it plays in social life, part which has kept and leave behind maintain its importance along time. In this essay, I will analyze the importance and the impact of mass media in contemporary hostelry, presenting both their positive and controvert effects, in terms of the roles they play. I will start by presenting the advant dayss of the in buildative and interpretative functions (which are essential in a connection dependant on mass media for development), while also mentioning their blackball effects, by referring to the utilisation of public popular opinion and the using of media as a medium of propaganda. I will continue by discussing the presence of infotainment and its benefits, but also the informative role of mass media, nevertheless without ignoring the negative aspects which come with access to information for a commonwealth segmen t which does not have the ability to select and passage it. I will not miss the opportunity of speaking more or less the social binder (between people or civilizations) function, and also about the tendency of the population of aligning to opinion streams I will close by presenting some limiting factors for the mass media power.Most people get informed by intend of press and television, these channels satisfying, by the information they provide, a fundamental need of the modern man information. Furthermore, by their dimensions, mass media facilitate spreading the information and extend the speed by which a message is relayed. The continuous worldwide information flow helpers individuals find the latest news which may influence their decisions, coordinate their businesses, help them know which areas are or will be affected by natural disasters or conflicts in gild to avoid them and so on. Still, many times, the media stretch out more than information. By opines of media, one can influence, orient and direct public opinion, interests and motivations, consciences, plane beyond ones knowledge will. Mass media may lead story even unto the destruction of the discernment and the creation of an apathy, it may destroy the will to insure and act. American mass media theorists, Lazarsfeld and Merton (1948), have argued that we may be guilty of paying such close attention to the information with which the media bombard us, thus getting to confuse knowing about social problems with doing something about them. They called this confusion the narcotizing dysfunction, linking it to the social consequences of mass media. Individuals replace reality with a surrogate of reality. Furthermore, people can be misinformed through mass media. Many times, we read untrue articles in newspapers and magazines, whether these articles are about what is happening around the world or about important persons in social life. The media build but also destroy reputations, which happ ens most of the times in politics. A good example, according to Layborn (2002), are the scandals surrounding the Secretary of State for War, John Profumo (1963) and the Liberal Party leader Jeremy Thorpe (1970s). Politicians are presented, launched to the public with the same techniques utilise in launching a new brand of toothpaste or soap. Pop stars, as a class, are the creation of media. Remaining in the area of negative aspects, I can also include the fact that mass media create cognitive, affective and behavioural addictions. These addictions lead to a certain level of defiance which aggravates the cognitive gulf. Those who are informed become more and more informed and those who are misinformed remain misinformed.As to the interpretative function, this is somewhat related to the informative role, be perk up it supposes the acceptance of the information by the individual without processing it through ones admit reason. The contents of communications are generated by the publi cs needs, so the information will be processed comme il faut to satisfy these needs. Information consumers may also receive direct help in interpreting some events by the nub of editorials or comments in newspapers and magazines. Thus, the referee or viewer not only received the information in the state it was conceived, they are also given the manner in which they should regard and understand that information. The press relies on the authority of the written word, while television relies on the fact that casts seem authentic and the citizen tends to say, most of the times I have seen it with my own eyes, not realizing that they have actually only seen what others wanted them to see.The media cease to be a news organ and become an instrument of propaganda. In all societies and in whoevers service it may be, propaganda aims to shape certain attitudes and impose social stereotypes, it tends to impose conditions on the individual, by creating automate mechanisms with the purpose of guaranteeling and manipulating behaviour or society (voting for a certain political party, purchasing certain goods, etc). Great leaders of all times have used manipulation techniques, some of them to keep their power, others to control population. Even Napoleon had paid attention to the means of information at that time, which have offered him advantages before his enemies. His statements remained famous Four hostile newspapers are more to be feared than a thousand bayonets. World War I is considered to have been a propagandist battle between the English and the Germans and that the American audience was the target of messages in pamphlets, posters and other means of communication. During World War II, the Nazi have developed an elaborate propaganda system in order to obtain regime support both in Germany and abroad. It is one of the convictions of Media Lens that the corporate mass media constitute a propaganda system for elite interests (Edwards and Cromwell, 2006). Those who h ave high social positions, govern or lead large institutions have control on the media (or even own it, as it is the case for the Italian prime-minister Berlusconi), using them to manipulate population with the purpose of meeting their own interests. The renowned professor Chomsky (2003) implements The Propaganda Model in the case of the Iraq war as well. Large corporations, among which Haliburton or British Petroleum, have used the mass media in order to internationally spread false information on Saddam Hussein, such as him producing mass destruction weapons and supporting terrorism, information which later proved to be untrue. The population, being scared by the artificially created reality, has eventually joined in, by sustaining the war in Iraq and, indirectly, the interests of the great moguls. New York Times revealed (1st December, 2005) that the USA had used foreboding(a) propaganda by paying Iraqi journalists to translate and publish in local newspapers articles written i n the US by a public relations participation financed by the Pentagon. Furthermore, after investigations were lead, false journalists providing news articled to the BBC were discovered. False information was broadcast by television, while the journalists were secretly working for organizations sustained by the British Ministry of Defence in a propaganda operation (Media Lens, 2005).As to its entertainment function, the mass media, especially television, offer the cheapest and most accessible means of entertainment, compared to attending concerts and shows. A hardly a(prenominal) minutes of ones favourite show can relax, make one forget the hard time they are going through. The internet is a good mean of entertainment through its multitude of online games, music, the possibility of interactive communication with friends. One of the researchers of the contemporary phenomenon of media, Claude-Jean Bertrand (2000), notes that most of consumers search for entertainment in the mass medi a. Thus, most means of communications provide it, even newspapers. This function plays a particularly important part in todays society, even more that it combines extremely efficiently with the others. Vicky Hay (1990) considers that the take exception of infotainment development in television, with its various kinds and media formats (talk-shows, contests, games, interactive transmissions, etc) represent the main cause of cultivating this tendency in the written press as well. The second cause is money, respectively in an industry such as the media one, which operates on a competitive market, where it is all about maintaining/gaining/regaining a larger audience segment, which brings in itself publicity, money that is. But there is also a negative aspect in the entertainment function of mass media, which is the risk of relaying obscene or negative messages through music or violent movies, or by (even involuntarily) creating false, bad models for the public which is exposed, but has no ability to select or process information, such as children.The audiovisual channel continuously dimensions the knowledge universe of the receivers, by influencing and inducing them values, conceptions, convictions, stereotypes, etc. That is why the educative role that the media have in society has an importance that should not be underestimated the large spectrum of TV channels, from the most various domains, constitutes an important source of broadening ones knowledge horizon. Also, television can be a culture broadcaster, thus concerts/theatre plays gathering more viewers than spectators. Documentaries, homage evocations of personalities, flashbacks have more power than books do in refreshing the publics awareness on a personality or even on history, in general. But, as a negative effect of the educative function, we must mention that television, as a time devourer, has brought a real reading crisis, television shows meeting the cultural needs of a mankind too rushed to be abl e to decoct on traditional means. Also, in countries with a reduced cinematographic production, flooding the market with foreign commercial productions may lead to the cultural denationalization of the audience. Studies lead by American psychologists regarding the impact of American serial movies with youth as their main audience indicate that 45% of teenagers shape and complete their sexual knowledge found on these movies and also learn how to communicate with their parents from them. (Van Evra, J., 1990) The negative side of this aspect is that, by having access to adult subjects, children lose the naivety and innocence specific to their age and are a lot more prone to yielding to various temptations (from smoking and drugs to delinquencies).Live broadcasting of an event makes the latter dilate, and public (national or international) opinion becomes a resonance box where the echoes of the event ensure its amplification. Thus, television has the role of ensuring the social bond i n individualist mass society (any person being able to connect when and how they want from home, being able to freely participate, in their privacy, in a fundamentally collective activity). Thereby, mass media may generate a social solidarity mechanism in case of natural disasters or special personal situation which requires help from the other members of society.By analyzing the effects of mass media, one can define the term of consonance as aligning to opinion streams. The Spiral of Silence (Schweigespirale) theory describes this phenomenon starting from the dependence of individual opinion on the dominant opinion express by the mass media. Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (1993) synthesises this theory as follows society threatens the deviant with isolation, individuals are more afraid of isolation than of error, individuals evaluate the comfortable or unfavourable climate of their own opinion, evaluation leads to taking an attitude (expressing ones opinion or keeping ones opinions sec ret). Individuals who share the dominant point of view intimately share it, while individuals who do not share this opinion enclose themselves in silence, for fear of isolation. Thus, public opinion represents, from this perspective, the opinion that can be expressed publicly without the risk of isolation.A secondary function of mass media, that of reinforcing social norms, is achieved through the fact that television exposes any deviation from these norms to the judgment of public opinion. agree to DeFleur (1989), the individual behaviour is guided by ones perception on cultural norms. Thus, by the means of presentation, underscoring and selection, television reinforces the viewers opinions on these cultural norms. Television also has a massive impact in imposing fashion and the feminine or masculine beauty type.One of the moments which brought glory to the mass media is the Watergate Process, journalists being the ones who caused the leniency of the American president Nixon on August 8th, 1974, thus gaining the fame of fourth power in the state. The death of princess Diana has again given television the opportunity of showing its advantages in catching public interest and transforming an event into an international tragedy. Still, there are limits to the power the mass media has, opponent forces whether political, institutional, or representing the private business environment which, at their turn, manipulate the information the press offers. Also, the commercial pressure of profit and competition, as well as direct pressure from political institutions or even peoples disbelief limit the power of mass media.What are the conclusions that can be drawn from these aspects we have presented? The mass media are a double-edged tool. On the one hand, they form and on the other they deform. In a post-industrial society where information reaches the same value as capital or resources, using means of information and communication such as mass media becomes a nece ssity. Nevertheless, I consider that the mass media are both a positive image and a negative image creator, a source of information as well as a tool of propaganda, a sine qua non of modern society.

CSR initiatives by Mahindra, Nokia and Nestle

CSR initiatives by Mahindra, Nokia and go upCorporate well-disposed responsibility is the self regulated mechanism where championship ensures that it supports to law, ethics and norms. Corporate social Responsibility has been redefined throughout the years. It is an organizations mission and a guide to what the party stands for. It is likewise known as corporate responsibility. Social responsibility is the theory that the demarcation should not function amorally quite of this it should work for the welf are of the society and partnership and the individuals. In simple look we can order CSR is all about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. CSR is the way in which the companies impact the world around them economically, environmentally and socially.CSR initiatives by MahindraAt Mahindras, CSR means not just the sharing of our wealth, provided of our time and of ourselves.Making socially responsible products, making a commitment to the union is the Corporate Social Responsibility for The Mahindra convention. Corporate Social Responsibility is not just a duty for the Mahindra Group but they say that its a way of life.Corporate social responsibility has been always a crucial part of their vision. They say that CSR is the opportunity for them. In 2005 group celebrated its 60th anniversary and sworn to dedicate 1% of its profit after tax to corporate social responsibility.Mahindra launched a superfluous kind of Employee Social Options (ESOPs) to enable employees to involve in socially responsible activities of their choice. This designe has proved a big success. Employees at Mahindra are contributing in a significant way in the development work in villages to teaching children. They are assisting in disaster relief operations also. In fact they are trying their best in creating the better world.CSR initiatives at Mahindra tension of importly on education and health. They have their special emp hasis on the girl child. Nanhi Kali is the project for the girl child. There is also a lore for the economically disadvantaged hoi polloi named as Mahindra All India Talent Scholarship. Mahindra Group is also planning to set up two Mahindra Pride Schools. These schools go forth volunteer a variety of courses. The main emphasis will be on employability. It will also include upriseing for Information Technology, Retail, and Automotive Engineering and so on They will provide new skills and capabilities to the weaker sections of society, particularly the scheduled castes and scheduled tribe youth.Various fields where Mahindra has back outn initiatives towards corporate social responsibility are disposed(p) on a lower floorEducation-The Mahindra Group select education as the main tool to transform the lives of the people. In 1953,The K.C. Mahindra Education Trust (KCMET) was formed to promote KCMET has provided to a greater extent than Rs. 25 crores in the form of grants, scholar ships and loans. (KCMET) and the Naandi Foundation is aimed at providing education to the underprivileged girl child in India. scheme Nanhi Kali as explained before is also for promoting education. It is a national girl child sponsorship Child sponsorship quits an individual, typically in a developed country, to sponsor, or fund a child in a create country until the child becomes self sufficient. This could mean financially supporting the education, health or security of the sponsored child, or in some cases.. Click the link for more information.Programme managed by the K.C. their main emphasis is on providing primary education to the girl child.Criteria for selection in Nanhi Kali programme1. Girls who are enrolled in political sympathies schools2. Girls whose family income is less than Rs 15,000 p.a.3. Eldest girl child4. Girl children with many siblings5. Girls whose parents are illiterate6. Girls belonging to backward communitiesMahindra Mahindra was awarded the prestigious Auto Monitor Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative of the Year 2007 award for its Nanhi Kali Project at a glittering function held in Delhi.In Mumbai they have started Each single Teach One, Apnalaya, Save The Children, National Sponsorship Council, India Sponsorship Committee, Salaam Baalak Trust, S.N.D.T. Kanya Shala, Indian Association For Promotion of Adoption Child Welfare, Akanksha Foundation, Reach Foundation Action Programme (REAP), Bal-Jeevan Trust, Sunbeam, Doorstep School, Aseema, and Project Crayon.In August 2006, the KCMET and the Government of Rajasthan The Government of Rajasthan also known as the State Government of Rajasthan, or locally as State Government, is the supreme judicature authority of the Indian state of Rajasthan and its 30 districts... Click the link for more information.agreed jointly to sponsor the education of 10,000 Nanhi Kalis in Udaipur.Mid Day meal KitchenThe Company keep a partnership with the Government of Rajasthan and Naandi Foundat ion for setting up of a centralised Mid Day Meal Kitchen at Govindgarh Taluka, Jaipur District, in the state of Rajasthan.EnvironmentMahindra Mahindra is also an environmentally conscious organization and is committed to attend to in maintaining the ecological balance. On the Founders Day the company launched a special campaign named Mahindra Hariyali which aims to add one million trees to Indias green cover by October 2008.Also ESOPs volunteers take up local environmental initiatives at various plants and ambit offices. Thus employees undertake various initiatives in environment such as Energy Conservation Awareness Drives, Rain water harvesting, Global Warming.Arts and farmingThe Arts has also been an area of special focus of Mahindras social responsibility. Mahindra has instituted the Mahindra Excellence in Theatre Awards (META) which is Indias first dedicated theatre awards instituted by a Corporate. META will develop talent in theatre across the country. The awards will ini tially cover English Hindi theatre.The selection process covers four broad areas of the country, namely, North, South, due east and West.Six plays selected from each region and are referred to the respective Critics Panel. Mahindra Group also plans to set up a Mahindra Academy for Excellence in Theatre.SportsMahindra United football gameA club with of games was set up in 1950. In 1956, a group of youngsters pull back a Mahindra official team in the Bombay Football League. The company provided full- size football field for practice and training.Mahindra United of Mumbai is the only team in Maharashtra who win the Durand Cup twice the second grizzlyest trophy in the world. It is also the first team in Maharashtra to win the Harwood League and the Nadkarni Cup three times in a row. The MU won its IFA shield in Kolkata recently.Health calamity ReliefMahindra FoundationThe Mahindra Foundation has been set up to provide medical relief to the poor and needy sections of society. The foundation has helps patients suffering from cancer and heart diseases.The Mahindra Group has also been very responsive to any disaster in India always. At the time of tsunami or the Gujarat earthquake, the Mahindra family has always provided support either by financial help or by sending vehicles and supplying material.Some of the Notable ESOPS initiatives this year wereThe Lifeline Express (hospital-on-wheels)The Lifeline Express is the worlds first hospital on trail and provides free medical and surgical treatment to people suffering from polio, cataract, deafness and cleft lip. It is undertaken by the Tractor Plant in Rudrapur, where 647 surgeries were performed free of cost.AIDS Awareness iron out started in July 2007 in nasik city.The Company feels privileged to have received the Businessworld BSR Business for Social Responsibility Award.CSR initiatives taken by NokiaNokia is the market drawing card and a world-wide company so it takes its responsibility seriously. Nokia re spects the member of the society. They believe that mobile technologies can contribute to economic growth.Many of the programs are targeted at young people and youth development by Nokia as the corporate social responsibility. For example, Nokia collaborates with the International Youth Foundation. The company also has signed a cooperative agreement with the internationalistic childrens organization Plan in Africa to raise the childrens awareness of their opportunities and rights.Nokia also engages in some other types of societal CSR such asemployee volunteering,corporate giving,Nokia Data aggregation is an example of a CSR programme that Nokia is expert in mobile technologies to do good things for society. The software allows different organisations to collect data using mobile phones or else of more paper forms.Nokia looks after its employee through various employee programmes and ethical labour practices.Environmental initiatives can be taken as the part of CSR. Taking missio n of environment is the everyones responsibility in the company. Nokias aim is be to be leader in environmental activities. Environmental management priorities include brawniness efficiency, managing substance of products, and take-back of use devices for proper recycling. Nokia collaborates with stakeholders to maximize contribution in the environmental management field.For example, in 2007 Nokia initiated supplier collaboration to work on energy efficiency targets Nokia has also worked with mankind Wide Fund a global conservation organization, from 2003 in order to enhance Nokias environmental performance and increasing the environmental awareness of all Nokia employees.Since January 2008 Nokia has been a member of WWFs programme Climate Savers that works to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Nokia also supports Connect2Earth, a green on-line community launched by WWF.It want to make a positive impact through its product and services. Nokia aims to ensure that environmental, ethica l as well as health and safety issues.Nokias CSR initiatives are given belowNokias helping handsBridge ITMake a connectionVillage phonesNokias helping handsNokia Helping Hands is an employee volunteerism program that allow employees to dedicate amaximum of two working days per year to volunteer work of their choice. The volunteer work includes building schools, collecting toys, clothes and other supplies for people in need and arranging activities for children. Through helping others it is possible to learn newskills and find new perspectives.Village phoneVillage Phone provides an example of a programme that targets universal access, provide access affordable telecommunications services in rural areas so boost economic development in rural communities.availableness is other project that provide accessibility features specifically to those people with disabilities and cognitive, sensory and physical limitations.Nokia is developing another project that will remind people to take their HIV/AIDS medicines on time.Nokia has been looking for a way to remind people on their phones that would be appropriate as well as discreet. This would allow for better monitoring and control from the side ofhealth organizations.Bridge ITIt is the result of a unique partnership between Nokia, IYF, Pearson, SEAMO Innotech and the United Nations increment Program (UNDP). The program uses existing information and communication technologies to access to quality education everywhere in the world. The idea is to offer young people the opportunity to education and skills development. The main objective is to deliver educational material of high quality to developing country schools through wireless technologies.Nokia has the text message technology which can be used in the programme which enables teachers and students to request and download materials from a digital library. So BridgeIT brings global educational materials into the reach of teachers and students in developing countries.Mak e a connectionNokia has been cooperating with the International Youth Foundation established in 1990, is a global non-profit organisation working which empower young people to be effectual and productive. IYFs programmes help youth obtain quality education, make healthy choices, gain employability skills, and work to improve their communities. Nokia supports various youth development programme. Instead of starting only new programmes, IYF identify those of its programmes that are working and bringing the expected benefits for participants. In 2000, Nokia and the IYF launched a global youth development initiative named as Make a Connection which is to strengthen the life skills of young people and prepare them for the future.Minimising environmental footprintNokias environmental work is based on life cycle view which means that Nokia aim to minimize the environmental impact of the products throughout the operations,with the extraction of raw materials and ending with recycling, tr eatment of waste, and recovery of used materials.Energy efficiencyNokia make sure that devices use as little energy as possible. Nokia also work to reduce the energy consumption of the operations and agree on energy efficiency targets with the key suppliers.The future is in your handsNokia has launched The Future is in Your Hands, which is a recycling scheme. The programme encourages customers to use special Nokia recycling bins for the disposal of old mobile phones and batteries. The phones will then be properly recycled.The move comes in addition to Nokias existing take-back scheme, which operates in Singapore, Malaysia, Phillipines, Hong Kong, Taiwan and China.CSR initiatives taken by NestleNestle is one of Indias branded food manufacturers. Nestles approach is to create a long-term sustainable pry for their consumers, customers, employees, shareholders and society as a whole. It is a market leader in pretty every category.Some people say that Nestle doesnt really believe in the concept of corporate social responsibility instead they believe in the concept of creating shared value. The answer to this question is that they do believe that creating share value is one level higher than corporate social responsibility. In corporate social responsibility, they help communities and creating share value is just their way of doing business.Main CSR activities by Nestle are given below familiarity WelfareEnvironmentRural DevelopmentWaterSafe insobriety waterIn India one of the major concern is the availability of clean drinking water for many communities. Approximately 200 million people do not have access to clean drinking water. Nestle India has committed to up(p) the situation. It believes that the first step is to create awareness in the communities. A key focus area of their Corporate social responsibility initiatives is to help provide passably Drinking Water. Other one is to educate children in schools so that we can conserve this scarce resource.Nestle a lso supports local schools.It also helps in the alimony of public parks and green belts.It facilitates blood donation camps and health awareness programs. All these initiatives strengthen the bond between Nestle and the community.Nestles main emphasis is on creating value for the public in terms of better nutrition, water, and food production. These three are the key to Nestle in building a sustainable business in the long-term. It makes a fundamental connection between shareholder value and community value. Nestle launched a series of initiatives to show its commitment in Creating divided up Value. Such as Company is launching the Nestle Healthy Kids Global Programme. The Nestle Prize, provides financial support of up to USD 461,000 to individuals, NGOs, or small enterprises who offer advance(a) solutions to nutritional deficiencies, access to clean water, or progress in rural development.Community DevelopmentThe main business objective of nestle is to create value that can be su stained over the long term for the economy and society, using natural resources, creating growth opportunities and prosperity.The recently originated term is inclusive growth but it shows that in which thing company believes and what is it working for so that the business must be good for society, improving the quality of life of the people. The Nestle in the community model is simple.EmploymentNestle is creating direct and indirect employment knowledge, training programs and through transfer of technology. This enable people in the community to participate in economic prosperity. Nestle is continuously working with the community to understand what is needed to improve their quality of life.Nestle has been conducting dairy development programs in village to train the women in good dairy practices as well as spread awareness about personal health, hygiene, water conservation and economic independence.Rural DevelopmentNestle has worked with millions of milk and coffee farmers and has make them better suppliers. It has helped them out of poverty and to prosper. Today, Nestle works directly with almost 600,000 farmers throughout the world, providing around over USD 27 million worth of microfinance in 2008. About 2.4 million people in developing countries earn their livelihoods from the Nestle supply chain.Conclusion-All the three companies are doing their best. They are taking up their corporate social responsibility seriously. Nestle believes in creating the shared value as well as doing their responsibility well. Mahindra has almost move to do everything for the welfare of the society. Similarly Nokia is also performing well. Where Mahindra focuses on the education of girl child, Nokia and Nestle emphasize on the development of rural areas.

Franz Liszt: Biography and Works

Franz Liszt Biography and whole shebangFranz Liszt and the New Ger patch SchoolIn pre-modern Europe, close artists were con decennaryt to follow a proud classical tradition, offering creative embellishments of their bear as a contribution to the field and following the rules of composing a proper sonata, concerto, or waltz paying special attention to chord progression, harmonics, and tonality. Because much of the music was purely instrumental, each piece identified a ground over fake in the title (i.e. Danse Macabre, Mephistos Waltz, Liebestraume, Moonlight Sonata etc.) and sought to bring it to living through music. While there were noneworthy artists in the field, in truth hardly a(prenominal) had the creative ability to usher in a new era or popularise a new form of expression, which is probably why only a handful of Europes finest are known offhand today such as Beethoven, Chopin, Mozart and Wagner. In the mid-nineteenth century, the idea of the New German School was n ative and Franz Liszt was wiz of the most important members. It did not matter that he was not born in Germany, but because the art and culture of Germany had such great twine over his work, he was claimed as one of the Great German Artists by Franz Brendel and other music commentators associated with him.Most classical aficionados rent heard of Franz Liszt because of the dark propelling quality of his work, and the artistic risks he had taken in many of his compositionshe broke conventions relating to harmonics, chord structure, tonality, and quite often did not give the work a suitable ending.1 This is rather startling because most people settle into a routine at an advanced agei.e. they would confuse found their voice and fagged much of their clip refining the messageindeed, it was expected. However, many of his critics believed that Liszts posterior work was not the birth of something new. Instead, it was considered a diminishment of capabilities and a sign of some home (a) sickness that attacked ones artistic sensibilities. According to Ernst Gnter, the music of Liszts final decade (1876-1886) is the convergence of aesthetical weariness and distrust of the very principles of art. The disaffection of the later Liszt, which he vouched for only in isolated remarks, conveys effective in the compositions as the destruction of the aesthetic norms.However, one can argue that his later work was a natural progression of his earlier work and tragic counterbalancets in his personal action and the rapid rate of change in the arena may have had a greater influence on his later compositions than simply mere disenchantment with art itself. Instead, much of the research suggests a growing disenchantment with the reality itself as he comes to face his own mortality and his inte tolerate and focus is further removed from the world around him to the afterwardslife instead. This writing will examine a sample of Liszts final works and attempt to answer the q uestion of whether his change in style is the result of aesthetic weariness or the next logical step in his creative path and reflective of his journey as an artist reflecting the times in which he lived. We will examine a few of his past compositions to establish a context and then discuss personal events that had taken place around the time he began to exhibit the noteworthy abandonment of norms.Liszts PersonaEven today, scholars have a difficult time characterising Franz Liszts contribution to the musical world and what he stood for. He certainly had harsh critics and adoring fans during his stage locomote as expert interpreter and composer and his biography makes it difficult to put him into a box, personally or artistically. According to Liszt Scholars Michael Saffle and Rossana DalmonteHere is where many differences of opinion concerning Liszt and his music originate. Liszts lifetime spanned the transitions from Napoleons Europe to Bismarcks, and from the earliest railroad t rains to galvanising lighting his works reflect both romantic (which is to guess, modern) and post romantic (which is to say, modernist) concerns. Thus, in the last analysis, it proves extremely difficult to place or describe Liszt, even through comparisons to other great figures of the past. So much is lost if we simply consign him to this or that box.2During his career, he had become something akin to the nineteenth century uniform of a rock star. Women would fight over his handkerchiefs and gloves, and the expressive passion he brought to his performances often reduced many a patron to tears. Not surprisingly, he was known as a ladies man and often found patronage (and love) from wealthy noble women. During his travels, he introduced much of the work of German composers such as Schubert, Schumann, Franz, Beethoven, and Mendelssohn to the rest of Europe, and when he switched gears from performance to composition, the German influence became evident although he hails from Hunga ry. As a composer, his primary aim was to wed music and numbersa particular that he shared with Agnes Street-Klindworth, a woman with whom he had an affair and corresponded with until his death in 1886.3 As with most poets, his songs reflected his internal state. At the time, he was absorbed in presenting dramatically flawless interpretations of the masters and he incorporated some elements of theirs into his music, though many of his critics believed that he had taken the wrong ones (i.e. Brahms).4 Intriguingly enough, many of his contemporaries acknowledged that many of his transcriptions and interpretations of others works are so creative that they had taken on a life of their own. However, one can speculate that his early compositions reflected his own grand ambition to utterly master the piano as he rearranged the songs of many of the greats in his field into something that only he, with his unusual hands, could play.5Toward the end of his life, he had become much more contem plative, devoting much of his time composing religious choral pieces and wandering across Europe, which may also be considered unconventional for a man in his mid-sixties (especially as most people did not get to live that long in the first place). Gunter notes that Liszts work began to slip after 1876, however, it can be argued that his style began to shift radically from the mainstream to a new form of expression entirely. As with many artists, much of the inspiration from Franz Liszts music had come from his life experience, his natural temperament, and his passion for his art. In Ihr Glocken von Marling a late composition, it becomes increasingly clear that he is turning toward the more religious themes that started to creep into his work during the latter part of the 1860s.That decade brought much personal loss to Liszt. He had buried his son, daughter, and mother, his marriage to Princess Carolyne was thwarted, and he had to endure smear campaigns by a insane stalker.6 At th e same time, he began to turn away from the material toward the spiritual and he began to resemble more closely the archetype of the wandering ascetic. In 1876, he suffered an accident that left him the use of only nine of his fingerseven so, he was still the standard by which most pianists of his time compared themselves and composed at the pep pill most people write letters.7In his final decade, his compositions had become more concerned with the themes of death and dying as his growing ill health and spiritual sentiment was coupled with his belief that he truly had no talent. For instance, Ihr Glocken von Marling approximates the sound that calls the villagers to worship. The repetition of the chords imitates the pealing of the bells in the churchyard. The fact that it is more or less written entirely in the treble clef lends an ethereal sound to the work.8 While that claim is ludicrous, it is a rather valid concern because he did spend most of his career creating transcriptio ns of other compositions. He has always had an obsessive and perfectionist streak, which he channelled effectively through his art. In one of his later letters he writesFor the last two weeks Ive been absorbed in cypressesI have composed two groups of cypresses, each of more than two hundred bars, plus a postludium, to the cypresses of the Villa dEste. These sad pieces wont have much success and can do without it. I shall call them Therenodies, as the word elegie strikes me as too tender, and almost worldly. A few more leaves have been added to the cypressesno less boring and redundant than the previous ones To tell the truth I sense in myself a terrible leave out of talent compared with what I would like to express the notes I write are pitiful. A strange sense of the infinite makes me impersonal and uncommunicative.9Perhaps his uncommunicativeness can be interpreted as his growing inability to conform to mainstream preferences. It is true that many of his later works focus on spi rituality and Hungarian nationalism. This religious sentiment grew to a raging crescendo as he was writing the Via Crucis in which he was forced to contemplate the passion and death of Jesus and his own emotions on the matter, as he was a deeply religious man.The Via Crucis possesses a complex cyclical structure unified on a variety of levels through merely controlled motives and pitch relations, many of which take on an iconographic significance. This strange and profound work should silence those who cast doubt on the sincerity of Liszts religious beliefs. It is the product of deep, anguished contemplation of the passion of Jesus, a process during which one can well imagine Liszt came to identify strongly with the suffering Christ. Via Crucis conveys not only the evil and sorrow of the crucifixion, but also the wonder of divinity fudges redeeming love for humankind.10It is very clear that at this point in his career, he is spotless competing with the greats of his age and is s imply looking to express his true self through his art. In other fields, refusal to imitate was often seen as an affront to the scene and the fruits of ones labour were not even considered art (i.e. Vincent van Gogh). Rather than simply producing brilliant transcriptions, he is looking to himself as a Christian, as a Hungarian, and a man that is looking at the winter of his life for inspiration. Instead of becoming despondent about his art, he was invigorated with passion, creating pieces that he intended for performance, especially about the great Hungarian heroes in history, Mosonyi in particular. Although he had not previously done much work in the Hungarian style during the 1870s, during the 1880s, he had become much more interested in freeing himself from the stylistic constraints of Western European music. When we had quoted him previously, Liszt said that he lacks the talent to express what he wants to say because there are so many tropes and ideas that he wanted to create th rough music and he simply did not have sufficient talent to carry it out. From what we know of him historically, he was never one to suffer from a lowered sense of self so he may have meant that his ideas have simply outgrown his ability to express them in art. Using the portrait theme was one of the defining art forms of the 1870s as Mussorgsky created his famous Pictures at an Exhibition ten years before. However, unlike the nationalist sentiment that had become a form of religion in modern Europe, it did not displace his faith in God as noted in Liszts letter to his publisher when he first brought up the idea in 1885.11 As with Via Crucis, scholars concur that his Hungarian Portraits have the depth, resonance, and relevance to the period and served as a foreshadowing of other pieces of that nature.The piece touches upon a number of harmonies which resonate with significant moments earlier in the cycle. It builds to a climactic apotheosis of the main theme in D minor, which subsid es to a tender recollection of the contrasting theme in D major, and closes on a portentous note of faith and hope. In spite of the strong projection of the tonic at the conclusion, however, Liszt rigorously avoids stating the tonic root in the low bass, perhaps signifying that life is part of a greater continuum in which only God has the final word.12ConclusionMuch of Liszts work in the last decade of his life revealed an even deeper understanding of life than when he was younger. Although he was more likely to observe the conventions of composition in his youth (quite brilliantly in fact), he did not yet have more than the intellectual understanding that art was expressive and indicative of lifeindeed, that it was not separate from that of the creator but instead flowed organically from his mind and his talents. Unfortunately for Liszt, his knowledge of lifes pain and the existence of other great talents in the arena (i.e. Wagner) led him to doubt his own abilities as an artist. Because he had experienced one of the most devastating losses of allthe deaths of his children, he may have lost all faith in the natural order of things recognising that life was often chaotic, out of harmony, and progressed along unexpected paths. Because art is not formed in a vacuum, he poured his energy into creation, which is why the proboscis of his later work is characterised by a focus on the religious, death and dying. In his later years, he tried to turn these realizations into art, and indeed succeeded in creating poetry from his music. Do Liszts late compositions perpetuate the progressivism of the 1860s? Not by a long shot his songs are religiously themed with sub-themes of destruction, death, and dying in a time characterised by invention, discovery and increasing secularism. Nevertheless, it would not be fair to say that his works signalled artistic breakdown because his exploratory approach created the brilliant sacred pieces Via Crucis and Rosario, Years of Pilgr image, and The Hungarian Portraits among many others. However, in an age where spirituality becomes increasingly unpopular, artists that reflect it in their work are often alienated by the mainstream and their work is deemed inaccessible.BibliographyBaker, James M. Larger Forms in the Late easygoing Works in Ed. Hamilton, Kenneth. The Cambridge Companion to Liszt. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2005Botstein, Leon. A Mirror to the Nineteenth Century Reflections on Franz Liszt, Franz Liszt and His World. (eds. Christopher H. Gibbs Dana A. Gooley) Princeton Princeton University Press 2006Gorrell, Lorraine. The Nineteenth-Century German Lied. New Jersey Amadeus Press LLC, 2005Hamilton, Kenneth. Liszts early and Weimer Piano works in Ed. Hamilton, Kenneth. The Cambridge Companion to Liszt. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2005Liszt, Franz Agnes Street-Klindworth. Franz Liszt and Agnes Street-Klindworth A Correspondence, 1854-1886. New York Pendragon Press, 2000Saffle, Mich ael and Rossana Dalmonte. Liszt and the Birth of Modern Europe. New York Pendragon, 2003Walker, Alan. Franz Liszt The last-place Years, 1861-1886. Cornell Cornell University Press, 19971Footnotes1 Leon Botstein. A Mirror to the Nineteenth Century Reflections on Franz Liszt, Franz Liszt and His World. (eds. Christopher H. Gibbs Dana A. Gooley) (Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press 2006) 5182 Michael Saffle and Rossana Dalmonte. Liszt and the Birth of Modern Europe. (New York Pendragon, 2003) 83 Franz Liszt Agnes Street-Klindworth. Franz Liszt and Agnes Street-Klindworth A Correspondence, 1854-1886. (New York Pendragon Press, 2000) 1164 Hamilton, Kenneth. Liszts early and Weimer Piano works in Ed. Hamilton, Kenneth. The Cambridge Companion to Liszt. (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2005) 575 Hamilton, 656 Alan Walker. Franz Liszt The Final Years, 1861-1886. (Cornell Cornell University Press, 1997) 1757 Walker, 3698 Lorraine Gorrell. The Nineteenth-Century German Lied. (Ne w Jersey Amadeus Press, LLC, 2005 ) 2469 Liszt qt. Walker, 37010 James M. Baker. Larger Forms in the Late Piano Works in Ed. Hamilton, Kenneth. The Cambridge Companion to Liszt. (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2005) 12611 Baker, 13412 Baker, 135

Role of the IOC and the Council of Europe in anti-doping policy. :: essays research papers

Role of the IOC and the Council of Europe in anti-doping policy.Anti-Doping policy has altered from concerning a secondary group of governing bodies and countries to a large global affair in the last 40 years. This has encouraged development of series of international agreements, development of series of international agreements, the establishment of sassy global forums (World Anti-Doping Agency) and the commitment of many millions of dollars of public and government body funding. Up to the late 80s, anti-doping policies among major sporting countries could be seen falling into 1 of 3 categories-1) small number countries inc. France Belgium Scandinavian states where Gov. actively pursuing anti doping strategy -2) larger amount of passive countries such as the US and West Germany, did not regale doping as priority for public policy due to either lack of resources or to reluctance to investigate own sports system in case it jeopardized their increase int. success (such as Austral ia + Canada) -3) most significant group which included former East Germany and Soviet Union. The Gov. actively colluded in doping of its international athletes.40 years past there was no testing and little discussion of drug abuse within sport, so the doping issue is very recent and policy solutions have only when been introduced recently as well.Evolution of AD can b traced along 4 main dimensions-Clarification of policy focus-Generation and maintenance of policy-making commitment-Technology development-The establishment of the necessary resource infrastructureWhere the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Council of Europe come inA series of high profile scandals in early to mid 60s forced issue on agenda of government and sports bodies. The IOC had been wary of government interest and involvement in sport and Olympic sport and they then established Medical commission in 61 and in 62, they decide they would take a stand against doping in sports. the Convention of Europ ean Sport Governing Bodies was scheduled for January 1963, at which a definition of doping was set up. This was adopted by the IOCThis early attempt at delineate the problem was the start of a period of discussion by all key bodies interested in doping. Drug testing began around the same measure as this convention. But it wasnt until 5 years later that it re-established and reinvigorated the Medical Commission with a bright to advise the IOC and to oversee development policy. In 1966, 5 cyclists at the World Road Racing Champs refused to give urine sample.

Ragged Dick by Horatio Alger :: Ragged Dick Horatio Alger

Ragged creature by Horatio Alger Ragged golosh is a novel written in the 1800s by Horatio Alger. It is a flooring about a young boy named Richard Hunter, also known as Ragged incision, as he progresses though his childhood. Ragged Dick is a typical Rags to Riches story where Dick struggles through the hardships of city purport, trying to achieve the American Dream. As a child, Dick is null more than a poor city boy who is trying to grasp money on the streets of New York City. He spends his time shining shoes for on the job(p) men, making only about ten cents a pair. Although he works and struggles to remain an honest, hardworking boy, he also gets caught up with smoking cigarettes and gambling. Through Dicks shoe-shining business, he tends to meet lots of people. Each and every day is another learning experience for Dick. There are many times when Dicks integrity and honesty are tested, yet being a boy of good trust, he never cheats anyone. As time goes on, Dick finally m eets a young boy named Frank, who is of a wealthy family, but is not at all familiar with New York City. Dick makes a very effectual proposal he offers to show Frank all around the city, and take him to all the famous places. Young Frank accepts the proposal, and in exchange, his uncle buys Dick a sore suit, and helps him clean himself up. This was the real turning point in Richard Hunters life because Franks family was able to help young Dick. They did this by providing hold dear and more importantly, friendship for him. From this point forward, Richard Hunter was no longer on the streets, and was determined to never look back. He was able to get a job, earn more money, and eventually succeed in achieving his dreams. While reading this book, I genuinely was able to put myself in the story, and live Dicks life with him. This typical story of Rags to Riches, is a general theme for many people lives. Today, as well as back in the 1800s when the story was written, many everybod ys dream is to achieve success. This formally became known as The American Dream. Although this may seem strange for everyone to have the same idea, it really isnt when you look at it with an open perspective.